Back Pain

Symptoms

As per the location, form & cause of back pain, the symptoms can vary and may include:

• Increase in pain when standing or sitting for a prolonged period
• Rise in pain when lifting objects or bending downwards
• Nagging pain that is experienced from time to time
• Stiffness in the back when getting up after sleep
• Radiating pain into the hip, buttocks, or legs

Immediate medical intervention is recommended in case of experiencing the following back pain symptoms:

• Intense back pain that doesn’t go away with medications
• Numbness & tingling sensation in the back and lower body
• Extreme back pain experienced after an accident, injury or fall

Causes

Common back pain causes include:

Back muscle/ligament strain & sprainBack pain due to sprains and strains in the muscles or ligaments is the most common cause and is generally the result of a sudden awkward motion or frequent heavy lifting.

Slipped disc (bulging/ruptured disc)When a spinal disc bulges or ruptures out from its original position and affects a nearby nerve, it causes back pain..

ArthritisArthritis, particularly osteoarthritis, is a very common cause of back pain, generally affecting the lower back region and causing chronic pain..

OsteoporosisWhen spinal bones become brittle & porous, the vertebrae of the spine can develop cracks, causing back pain.

Other causes of back pain comprise spinal conditions like:

• Spinal disc degeneration
• Intervertebral disc degeneration
• Spinal stenosis
• Radiculopathy
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Spondylolisthesis
• Degenerative spondylolisthesis
• And many more

Diagnosis

Back pain diagnosis generally begins with a physical exam by a healthcare professional, followed by reviewing the symptoms, your lifestyle and family medical history.

The next step involves conducting any or multiple diagnostic tests out of the following:

X-rayX-ray is generally conducted to help detect arthritis or broken bones, with subsequent MRI or CT scans performed for precise diagnosis.

MRI or CT scanThese diagnostic scans generate detailed images that help diagnose spinal disorders and issues with nerves, tissues, blood vessels, etc.

ElectromyographyEMG is generally used to diagnose herniated disks or spinal stenosis (spinal canal narrowing).

Blood testsBlood tests are usually conducted to check for the presence of any infection that may be causing the back pain.

Treatment

Back pain that doesn’t go away after applying heat/ice packs and taking adequate rest is termed chronic back pain and calls for serious consideration.

Depending on the symptoms & cause, the following back pain treatment options could be recommended by healthcare professionals:

Pain medications
In case of mild back pain caused by muscle strain, the following medications could be prescribed:

• Pain-relieving tablets
• Topical pain relievers
• Muscle relaxants

Physical therapy
A qualified physiotherapist can suggest a set of exercises for boosting the strength and flexibility of the abdominal & back muscles. These exercises can help relieve back pain symptoms, enhance posture and improve overall back & spine health.

Surgery
Spine surgery could be recommended by some doctors to overcome chronic back pain. However, there are a lot of potential side effects, risks and complications that can arise during and after spine surgery.

This includes:

• Dural tear and spinal fluid leak
• Abnormal bleeding
• Injury to the spinal cord or a nerve
• Damage to anatomical structures near the spine
• Constant pain, weakness or numbness
• Infection in the wound
• Blood clots in the legs
• Implant and fusion complications
• Medical complications resulting in heart attack, stroke, pneumonia, etc.

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